Diabetic Retinopathy
Individuals with diabetes mellitus, simply mean that the bodies of such individuals do not use and store sugar properly. High blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels in the retina, the nerve layer at the back of the eye that senses light and helps to send images to the brain. The damaging of the retinal vessels is what is referred to as diabetic retinopathy.
The two forms of diabetic retinopathy:
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)
No proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR)
NPDR is an initial stage of diabetic retinopathy. In this stage, tiny blood vessels within the retina leak blood or fluid. The leaking fluid causes the retina to swell or to form deposits called exudates. People with diabetes have mild NPDR, which usually does not affect their vision. When vision is affected it is usually the result of macular ischemia, macular edema or a combination of both. PDR occurs when abnormal new vessels begin growing on the surface of the retina or optic nerve. The main cause of PDR is a widespread closure of retinal blood vessels, preventing adequate blood flow. The retina responds by growing new blood vessels to supply blood to the area where the original vessels closed. Unfortunately, the new abnormal blood vessels do not resupply the retina with normal blood flow. PDR may cause more severe vision loss than NPDR because it can affect both central and peripheral vision.
- Neovascular glaucoma
- Traction Retinal Detachment
- Vitreous haemorrhage
A medical eye examination is the best way to detect changes inside your eye. Our doctors can often diagnose and treat serious retinopathy before you are aware of any vision problems. He dilates your pupil and looks inside the eye with special equipment and lenses. If he finds diabetic retinopathy, he may order colour photographs of the retina or a special test known as fluorescein angiography to find out if you need treatment. Strict control of your blood sugar is the best treatment to prevent retinopathy.
Treatment Options
Vitrectomy- In advanced PDR, your doctor may recommend a Vitrectomy. During this procedure, the blood-filled vitreous is removed and replaced with a clear solution.
Laser Surgery
Laser is often recommended for people with macular edema, PDR and neovascular glaucoma. Multiple laser treatments over time are sometimes necessary. The laser does not cure diabetic retinopathy and does not always prevent further loss of vision.
Medical Treatment
Injections of anti-VEGF medication in the eye can stop the growth of new blood vessels and subsequent bleeding. Sometimes a steroid medication may also be used. You can significantly lower your risk of vision loss by maintaining strict control of your blood sugar and blood pressure.
